Christian Church And The Mormon Church - 1326 Words

Although The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS or Mormon Church) considers itself unequivocally as a Christian church, there are number major differences between traditional or mainstream Christians and the Mormon Church. This research paper primarily focuses on identifying major areas of differences between the mainstream branches of Christianity (Catholic, Orthodox, and Protestant - as a group) and the Mormon Church. Origin Christianity traces its origin to Jerusalem in approximately 33 AD. However many of the laws and practices accepted and practiced by Christians were formally established by the Council of Nicea in 325 AD, and the First Council of Constantinople in 381 AD The Mormon Church traces its origin to the United States or the New World, where it was established in Fayette, New York in 1830. Founder Christians believe The Lord Jesus Christ is the founder of Christianity. Mormons believe Jesus Christ is the founder of the Christian Church; however, the Christian church fell into a state of apostasy and was reformed with the development of the Mormon Church. Who are they? The definition of Christianity is Disciple of Jesus Christ. Therefore, Christians are followers of Christ. Mormons consider themselves either the Latter-day Saints, Saints, or Mormon. The term Mormons refers to members of the LDS Church because of their belief in the Book of Mormon. The Trinity (1) Christians believe in One G-d inShow MoreRelatedAre Mormons Christians? Essay example1191 Words   |  5 PagesWorldwide, there are 14.1 million Mormons with 28, 660 congregations based in over 176 countries (â€Å"LDS Statistics and . . .). Despite this large amount of people, little is known about the LDS religion. As seen in recent events, people believe that Mormons are not Christians. However, Mormons are Christian based on their church’s name, scriptures, and teachings. According to Merriam Webster Dictionary, a Christian is somebody who believes in the teachings of Jesus Christ. As spoken of in The HolyRead MoreJoseph Smiths Contributions to the Development of Mormons775 Words   |  3 PagesMormons were created by Joseph Smith in 1820, when Smith was 14 and lived in New York. During that time God supposedly came to him and told him not to join any of the churches in his town. Instead God told Smith to start a new religion that was based on â€Å"One Lord, One Faith, and One Baptism†. God also said that no other churches were leading and teaching their people the right way, by God’s way. Smith believed that the figure speaking to him was God so he went out and began this new religion heRead MoreReligion : An Important Part Of Human Nature1318 Words   |  6 Pagesas well as how it differs from traditional religions such as Christianity. As with any religion, one of the most important pieces to learn is how the religion was created and who played an important part in doing so. Mormonism, also known as the Church of the Latter-Day Saints came about in 1830. Mormonism was founded by Joseph Smith, in the 19th century in Western New York. This was a major period of religious awakening for America. When Joseph was only 14 years old, he asked God for guidance,Read MoreThe Church Of Jesus Christ995 Words   |  4 PagesMormonism The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, as the Mormon Church is properly known, was founded in 1830 by Joseph Smith, Jr. Mormons assert that Jesus Christ appeared to Joseph Smith in 1820 with the express purpose of restoring His Church and gospel in its purity and fullness to the earth. The Mormon Church uses two sources as its primary authorities: the Book of Mormon and the Bible. The doctrine and covenants in the Pearl of Great Price are also viewed as divine authority. AccordingRead MoreWorld Religion: Mormons Essay example798 Words   |  4 PagesSince the mid 1800s, Mormons, or also referred to as the Latter-Day Saints, have been a thriving religion in the United States. Founded by Joseph smith in 1830, it has grown from a small group of outcasts to a significant size of nearly seven million followers. Joseph Smith was the first prophet and president of the Church of the Latter-Day Saints. After the murder of Joseph Smith in 1844, a man named Brigham Young migrated with bulk of the Mormons to Salt Lake City, Utah in 1847, where they madeRead MoreEssay on A Brief Biography of Joseph Smith1034 Words   |  5 Pagesleader who founded the modern day Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (LDS). This religious institution is based on Smiths visions and the followers of the LDS church are called Mormon’s. His vision was for the restoration of the early Christian church and a new way of life to live by. While Smith visions and ethics have been controversial at times, millions still follow his teachings and the religious culture he started in 1830. Today the Mormon Church has over 15 million followers andRead MoreReligions of the World Essay673 Words   |  3 PagesReligions of the World Since the creation of The Church of Jesus Christ of The Latter-Day Saints, there have been many controversies concerning the similarities and differences between Mormonism and Catholicism, Christianity and Protestantism. Other than the obvious, that Catholicism, Christianity and Protestantism believe that there are no more prophets, and Mormons believe that there are still prophets walking the earth today, differences between the faiths range inRead MoreMormonism: Exploring the Beliefs of Mormons and Christians Essay750 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction How does Mormonism, more formally known as The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, compare to Biblical Christianity? Is it different? If so, what about it is different? Are Mormons considered Christians? This paper is going to explore these questions about Mormonism. In 2007 there were over 13 million Mormons worldwide, there are approximately 6 million Mormons in the United States. Mormonism is â€Å"the fastest and most successful cult in the history of the United States†¦an averageRead MoreThe Islam And The Muslim Community1651 Words   |  7 Pagesshifting their individual groups to the background. Mormons and other forms of Christianity According to Mormonism, Jesus Christ appeared to Joseph Smith directly and in form of scripture. His actions justified his desire to restore the church he had previously created. Most Mormons have considered themselves to be Christians since its beginning in the 1820s. Most Christians, however, characterize them as a corruption of Christianity. Mormons have adopted many of the beliefs encountered in ChristianityRead MoreReligious and Ethnic Diversity863 Words   |  4 PagesYork (The Church Of Jesus Christ Of Latter-Day Saints,  2013). Mormonism originated in the 1820s, as described by the Church’s website, when Joseph Smith Jr. was confused and frustrated by the various Christian religions and was unable to choose one to follow. He turned to the Bible, which told him to ask God when he lacked wisdom. So he prayed to God, and was visited by the Heavenly Father and his Son, Jesus Christ. According to one of the members of the governing body of The Church of Jesus Christ

False Doctrine And Its Effect On The Church - 1612 Words

When one reads through the New Testament it is easily seen that false doctrine was a prevalent problem in the first century. There are several instances where brethren were warned about it infiltrating the church. Sadly, this dilemma still exists today and we are to be equally concerned with it. One of the false doctrines that came about in the second century is known as premillennialism. It went away for a period of time but was revived and now has a great following (Eschatology-Robert Stapleton). The importance of understanding premillennialism cannot be underestimated by the church. Jude 3 states that the church is to contend earnestly for the faith. This means that the church must take premillennialism seriously. The church must understand what premillennialists believe and why it is false in it s teachings. This paper will briefly examine premillennialism to give the reader a better understanding of what is it and why it is wrong. What is premillennialism? Foy E. Walla ce s definition of premillennialism is Pre means before, millennial means 1,000, ism means there isn t anything to it anyhow. According to the Valley church of Christ, premillennialism is The belief that the kingdom of God involves a literal millennial reign of Christ upon earth. Then follows the Final Judgment. There are several different beliefs within this false doctrine. However, the major belief or division within premillenialism is known as dispensational premillennialism.Show MoreRelatedThe Earthly Ministry Of Jesus Christ779 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the earthly ministry of Jesus Christ, the Bible shows He prayed that His followers would testify of Him to the world. In American Protestant Theology: A Historical Sketch, by Luigi Giussani and Sandro Chierici, they articulated that â€Å"the church is the means whereby Christ continues to be present, educating believers and unbelievers as to his reality as to how he is the answer to all their concerns.† The followers’ interpretation of Biblical convictions has separated them, rather than uniteRead MoreThe Doctrine Of The Trinity1670 Words   |  7 PagesSince the Nicene Council church patriarchs and theologians have toiled to communicate the principle of the Trinity as a doctrine in the Christian church. Our class readings from Augustine, Thomas Aquinas, Karl Barth, and Elizabeth Tanner reveal the necessity for discussion about the trinity to evolve throughout the last 1500 years of Christian theology in order for the doctrine to be modernized to the lexical and social understanding of contemporary Christians. Although Augustine may be one of theRead MoreGalileo1646 Words   |  7 Pagesobjects in the universe obeyed. It was at this time, Galileo began to express openly his support of the Copernican theory that the earth and planets revolved around the sun and this was a direct challenge to the doctrine of Aristotle and the established order set by the Catholic Church. In July of 1609 Galileo learned that a Dutch optician, named Lippershey, had produced an instrument by which the apparent size of remote objects was magnified, Galileo at once realized the principle of how suchRead MoreSaint Thomas Aquinas Essay1591 Words   |  7 PagesAquinas I chose to write about Saint Thomas Aquinas because I have heard of his life and found it interesting. There was also a large pool of knowledge to research from, about Saint Thomas Aquinas. I also knew he is called Doctor of the church and I wanted to learn more about that. I was interested in Saint Thomas Aquinas because he was misunderstood by his peers and was also called the Dumb Ox. I wanted to understand how someone can be so misunderstood stood and be a brilliantRead MoreConstantine and His Effect on Christianity1518 Words   |  7 PagesConstantine and his effect on Christianity When we look back at Christianity over the years, there are several people who are remembered for their impact on the religion. The first most important figure was Jesus Christ. However, if we travel forward a bit, into the 4th Century we come across Constantine. Historians agree that Constantine served as an important component in the spread of Christianity. Although he spread the religion in a massive way, others wonder if his methods were more harmfulRead More The Life of Galileo and the Effects of his Findings on Faith1719 Words   |  7 PagesThe Life of Galileo and the Effects of his Findings on Faith Galileo Galilei was born in Pisa, February 18, 1564. At an early age, Galileo was interested in mathematics and the study of mechanics. His father, a onetime mathematician, pushed him towards the medical profession, which held much greater financial benefits. But the attempts of Galileo’s father were in vein as Galileo soon discovered the works of Archimedes and became extremely interested. Thus, his father reluctantly allowedRead MorePauls letter to the Galatians Essay1103 Words   |  5 Pagesauthorship: II Thessalonians; (3) letters that were not actually written by Paul but were developed from his thought: Colossians and Ephesians; (4) letters that bear Pauls name but clearly come from another time and different set of circumstances in the church: I and II Timothy and Titus (the so-called Pastoral Letters); (5) a letter not bearing Pauls name and which evidences a wholly different thought and religious vocabulary from that of Paul: the Letter to the Hebrews (Kee, 5th Ed. 224). GalatiaRead MoreHow Science And Religion Dynamically Work852 Words   |  4 Pages† What happens when science and religion clash in a fiery battle of interpretations? In Waking Life Sister John suffers an internal battle between fact and faith, and attempts to discern between a powerful religious experience and the mere side effects of an epileptic disorder. However, instead of separating the two, she mediates by allowing â€Å"science† to deny her of what she had been experiencing without giving up her faith in God. In this essay, I will take a stance that explains how science andRead MoreHuman Side Of A Devil1344 Words   |  6 Pagesspend hours on a cell phone playing games or on twitter without even noticing the world around you, this is especially important to overcome. However, even Screwtape admits that once a person is through the disappointment of the human side of the church, we â€Å"become much less dependent on emotion and therefore much harder to tempt .† Whenever a person argues, they think a lot about both sides of the argument. This is particularly risky for a devil because if we see God’s side of the argument, we couldRead More Abortion Essay - The Church Was Pro-Choice1132 Words   |  5 PagesThe Church Until Recently Was Pro-Choice      Ã‚   From a sermon delivered on February 15, 1998 at the Unitarian Universalist Church of Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, by the Rev. Elaine Gallagher Gehrmann:    Most of us know that the Roman Catholic church teaches that life begins at conception, and yet most of us dont know that this is a relatively recent change. It wasnt until 1869 that Pope Pius IX decreed that ensoulment takes place at conception. Up until then, the Catholic church had

Epoxy Resin Free Essays

string(37) " no diffraction peaks of GOFO at 10\." Epoxy resin is a type of thermosetting polymer, commercially available in different forms, has a wide range of application in aerospace, coating, electric insulation and marine application due to its outstanding performances, easy handling and low cost [1-5]. Epoxy high inner stress, brittle texture, inferior impact resistance, weak creep resistance and poor moisture resistance, limited its application in other industrial areas [6]. So, the epoxy was mixed with polymers[7], clays, metal [8], carbon nanotube [9], graphene[10], and graphene oxide[11] to overcome its limitations. We will write a custom essay sample on Epoxy Resin or any similar topic only for you Order Now Graphene oxide (GO) is a graphite derivative that produced through oxidation of graphite using various methods. Graphene oxide is a 2D sheet with oxygen functional at the surface (hydroxyl, carbonyl, and epoxide) and (carboxyl) at its edge [12,13]. Graphene oxide is a promising material as polymer reinforcement, due to its high mechanical properties[14], excellent thermal stability[15], and good insulation properties [16]. Moreover, graphene oxide high surface area, high aspect ratio, excellent sheet flexibility, reactivity sites, and good dispersion in most common solvent favored its use a composites material for polymeric material. The Graphene oxide tends to improve the mechanical properties, thermal stability, insulator, and dielectric properties of the various commercial epoxy resin. However, Graphene oxide sheets tend to aggregate either by Van der Waals force or ?-? stacking interaction, which would decrease the improvement effects of graphene sheets in epoxy matrix [17]. Therefore, graphene oxide was modified either through covalent bonds or by ?-? interaction to reduce these aggregation phenomena and enhanced epoxy properties. For instance, Wan et al improved epoxy tensile strength and modulus by 75% and 15% through mixing epoxy with graphene oxide modified with DGEBA (diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A) [18].Also, Liu et al enhanced epoxy glass temperature and tensile strength by 26oC and 31% using grafted graphene oxide [5]. Sharmila et al prepared Graphene oxide modified with iron oxide nanoparticles, they epoxy composites shown improvements in the tensile, impact, and fracture strength [19]. Fluorinated polymer is polymer contain carbon-fluorine bonds and they has been applied in many domestic and industrial application due there excellent thermal stability, anti-chemical corrosion, weathering resistance, high dielectric conductivity, and low surface energy [20-22]. However, the high market price of the fluoropolymers and poor miscibility in epoxy resin restricted their applications [23]. Thermal stability, roughness, and corrosion resistance were improved for epoxy resin modified with a fluorinated polymer [24-27]. The fluorine atoms reduced the crosslinking density of the epoxy resin and fluoropolymer, reducing the mechanical properties of the epoxy [28]. The grafting of the fluorinated polymer into carbon base material such as carbon nanotube, fluorinated graphene, and fluorinated graphite may combine the excellent properties of carbon base material and fluorine group’s properties. The miscibility was improved with enhancement of the mechanical properties, thermal stability, surface properties, and electric properties. Yang and coworkers grafted fluorinated polymer on reduced graphene oxide coated with dopamine. The modified graphene showed excellent dispersion in the ferroelectric polymer matrix with good high dielectric constant and low dielectric loss [29].Que et al modified epoxy resin (DGEBA) with trifluoromethyl containing polyimide structures. Compared with neat epoxy, they found that the modified epoxy shown better thermal stability with 18 to 55 % char yield at 800 0C, water contact angle (94.9–105.0 °), higher toughness, and lower water absorption (0.47–0.95 %). The tensile shear of modified epoxy was lower than the neat epoxy, the fluorine groups decreased epoxy surface energy which further reduced the adhesion strength compared with unmodified epoxy [7]. In this work, graphene oxide was modified with Hexadecafluoro (1, 10) decanediol through one-step reaction. Modified graphene oxide was mixed with epoxy resin in various loading. Then, the mechanical properties, thermal stability, water contact angle water uptake, and alkaline corrosion resistance were examined for epoxy composites. Results and Discussion:   The surface functionalization of GO was confirmed by FTIR, XRD, XPS, Raman spectroscopy, and TGA. Fig. (1) shows the FTIR spectrum of GO and GOFO. For GO typical peaks were observed at 3390 cm-1 (stretching vibration of C-OH), 1041 cm-1 (stretching vibration of C-O), 1374 cm-1 (deformation vibration of C-OH), 1261 cm-1 and 877 cm-1 (stretching vibration of C-O-C), and 1734cm-1 (stretching vibration of C=O). The peak at 1619 cm-1 is attributed to the skeletal vibration of the graphitic of GO [30]. After reaction with FO new peaks appeared. The peaks at 1178 cm-1 (stretching vibration of C-F) [31], at 2966 cm-1 (bending stretching of C-H), and at 1441 cm-1 (stretching vibration of C-H) from the perfluoro compound. The peak at 1080 cm-1 was related to stretching vibration of ester bond C-O-C. These results indicated that FO was successfully grafted onto GO surface.The XRD patterns of Graphite, GO, and GOFO was shown in Fig. (2) and the interlayer distance was calculated using Bragg equation. Pristine graphite is shown a typical peak at 26.410 with an interlayer spacing of 0.337 nm [32]. This peak shifted to 11.020 (corresponding to an interlayer space of 0.802 nm) after graphite was oxidized to GO, that was due to the formation of oxygen-containing functional groups on a graphite oxide surface and water molecules trapped between the layers [33]. The functionalization of GO with FO shifted the peak from 11.020 to 10.080 (corresponding to an interlayer space of 0.676nm), suggested that GO was modified with FO. Another broad diffraction peak was observed at 22.760, which suggests the formation of few layers of reduced graphite oxide. To further study the structural differences between graphite, GO, and GOFO, the graphitic crystal size was calculated using Sheerer equation and the number of layers was calculated based on crystal size. Graphite had a large crystal size of 21.28nm with 63-64 graphene layers. After oxidation to GO, the crystal size decreased to 10.92nm and the number of layers decreased to 10-11 graphene layers. The crystal size of GOFO was 3.78nm with 5 -6 layers of the modified graphene sheet. In order to study the exfoliation of GOFO into the epoxy matrix, the XRD patterns of EGOFO composites and neat epoxy were investigated as shown in Fig. (3). For neat epoxy, two broads peaks centered at ?70 and ?180 were observed due to the amorphous nature of neat epoxy. All Epoxy composites show the same characteristic diffraction peak as neat epoxy and no diffraction peaks of GOFO at 10. You read "Epoxy Resin" in category "Papers"080 and 22.760 were observed [34]. That’s confirmed that GOFO was highly exfoliated into the epoxy matrix. Although, the highly exfoliated level of GOFO sheets in the epoxy matrix cannot represent a good dispersion was obtained in the epoxy composites [35]. The thermographic analysis in Fig. (4) represents the thermal stability of GO and GOFO under a nitrogen atmosphere. Graphene oxide shows 8.404% weight loss between 50 0C -100 0C, due to evaporation of residual water trapped between the layers. A significant weight loss of 29.53% was observed between 100 0C – 250 0C, that’s due to decomposition of labile oxygen functional groups to H2O, CO, and CO2 [22,10].Compared to GO, GOFO was more stable with 3.48% weight loss was observed between 50 0C -100 0C can be assigned to evaporate of residual water trapped between the layers, which was lower than GO. Between 100 0C – 250 0C, 8.18% weight loss was found due to decomposition of the reaming oxygen functional groups. Then, 12.44% weight loss was observed between 250 0C – 550 0C, that can be assigned to the decomposition of the bond between GO and perfluoro compound. In addition, compared with 48.59% weight loss at 700 0C for GO, GOFO undergoes 20.83% weight loss. The above data can be due to GO, bosses high amount of oxygenated functional groups, while GOFO possesses low oxygenated functional groups due to functionalization by FO. The above results confirmed that GOFO was more stable than GO.Raman spectroscopy was applied to explore the structural variations between GO and GOFO. Generally, the graphitic material shows two characteristic peaks, the G peak (~1575 cm?1) arises from first-order scattering of the E2g photon of sp2 C atoms and the D peak (~1350 cm?1) from a breathing mode of ?-point photons of A1g symmetry. Also, the intensity ratio ID/IG can be used to evaluate the graphitization degree of the graphitic material, the lower value represented a high degree of graphitization [30]. Fig. (5) shows Raman spectrum results of GO and GOFO. The G and D bands of GO were located at 1599.9 and 1357 cm-1 receptivity, as reported in previous reports [30,36,37]. After functionalization with FO, the G band was shifted to a lower wavelength at 1589 cm-1, no obvious changes were observed for the D band. In addition, the ID/IG intensity ratio of GO increases from 0.96 to 1.062 for GOFO. The changes in the intensity ratio imply that GOFO of graphene structure was restored, which can be due to the removal of oxygen functional groups. The GO and GOFO were characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the results are shown in Fig. (5) and the elemental analysis is tabulated in Table (1). The GO broad spectrum shows two peaks at binding energies around 286.1 eV and 532.4 eV, which were assigned to C1s and O1s, respectively. The atomic composition of graphene oxide was obtained from XPS broad spectrum and revealed the presence of carbon (71.88%) and oxygen (28.12%). In contrast, the GOFO broad spectrum displayed three peaks at binding energies around 286.1 eV, 532.4 eV, and 686 eV, they can be assigned to C1s, O1s, and F1s respectively. The atomic composition of GOFO obtained from the broad spectrum shown the existence of carbon (71.66%), oxygen (27.34%), and fluorine (1%). The carbon-to-oxygen ratio increased from 1.6 for GO to 2.6 for GOFO, due to functionalization with FO. The C1s XPS spectrum of GO and GOFO are shown in Fig. (6). The C1s spectra can be decomposed into four characteristic peaks: C=C/C-C (non-oxygenated carbon, 284.5 eV), C-OH/C-O-C (hydroxyl, epoxy, and 286eV), C=O (carbonyl, 286.8 eV), and COOH (carboxyl, 288.9 eV) [38]. In comparison, the decomposed C1s spectrum of GOFO shows additional peaks at 287.02eV, 290 eV, and 292 eV, assigned to -C-O- (ether bond), C-F (fluorine), and C-F2 (fluorine) respectively[39]. As shown in Fig. (5), compared with XPS C1s spectrum of GO (Fig. (6)), the peak intestines of C-O and C-O-C were significantly decreased, new peaks appeared. The above results indicated the attachment of FO to graphene oxide surfaces via the reaction with hydroxyl groups of FO with C-O groups on the GO surfaces [40]. As shown in the SEM images of EGOFO composites, the GOFO sheets were well dispersed in the epoxy matrix. GOFO nano-sheets were surrounded tightly by epoxy resin, which indicates a good interfacial interaction between GOFO and the epoxy matrix. Such good interfacial bonding improves the stress transfer from the epoxy matrix to the GOFO nano-sheet and thus enhanced the mechanical properties of epoxy composites. However, due to the presence of incompatible fluorine groups on the GOFO, micro-voids can be observed and such voids could enhance crack initiation which leads to decrease the mechanical properties of epoxy composites[41]. SEM analysis of epoxy composites: The SEM images of epoxy and epoxy composites at fracture site after the tensile test are shown in Fig. (7). The images were used to examine the dispersion and the compatibility of GOFO in the epoxy matrix. Fig. (7a,b) shows neat epoxy exhibited relatively smooth surface with a river-like pattern in the fracture direction, confirmed the brittle nature of epoxy [42]. In contrast epoxy composites displayed rougher, fluctuant surfaces with GOFO nano-sheet pulled out of the epoxy matrix Fig. (7 c,e). Also, epoxy composites SEM images shown that GOFO nano-sheets were well dispersed in the epoxy matrix, a well interfacial interaction between the nano-sheets and epoxy composites Fig. (7 d,f). The good interfacial bonds can effectively transfer the stresses from the epoxy matrix to the GOFO nano-sheets and thus enhanced the mechanical properties of epoxy composites [41]. However, several micro-voids can be observed in all epoxy composites that can be due to the presence of fluorine groups. The low compatibility between the epoxy resin and fluorine groups caused the appearances of micro-voids. Cracks can initiate easily in the micro-voids, then spread through epoxy composites reducing epoxy composites strength. Mechanical properties of epoxy composites: Tensile test:The tensile test was conducted to investigate the effects of GOFO on the epoxy resin performance. Fig. (8) shows the stress-strain curves of neat and epoxy composites, and the results were summarized in table (2). The tensile modulus of pure epoxy was 471 MPa and its changes to 486 MPa (increased by 3.2 % with 0.1 wt. %), 507 MPa (increased by 7.6 % with 0.3wt. %), and 530 MPa (increased by 12.52 % with 0.5 wt. %). The highest tensile modulus was 12.52% compared to neat epoxy corresponding to 0.5% GOFO loading. The increase in the tensile modulus was due to the good dispersion and interfacial interaction between the GOFO and epoxy matrix. That’s led to the good transfer of stress from the matrix to GOFO sheets. However, the tensile strength decreased by 18.35%, 22.15%, and 20.25% with 0.1 wt. %, 0.3 wt. %, and 0.5 wt. %. GOFO loading. The formation of micro-voids between the GOFO sheets in the epoxy matrix due to incompatibility between GOFO sheet and epoxy system due to the presence of fluorine groups. Fracture test:  Ã‚  The effects of GOFO loading on the fracture properties are shown in Table (2) and the stress-strain curves of fracture analysis were shown in Fig. (9). EGOFO composites shown a battened in the fracture modulus and strength to those of neat epoxy upon different loading. The fracture modulus was 1510MPa for neat epoxy. With 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 wt. % loading of FO, the fracture modulus increased to 2340 ±17.61 MPa, 2324 ±73.5 MPa, and 2450 ±45 MPa respectively, these were 54.97, 53.84, and 62.85% respectively. However, for fracture strength, it’s behaved differently with increasing GOFO concentration. The fracture strength decreased by 13.12% with the addition of 0.1 wt.% GOFO loading and then increased to 13.61% and 16.98% with 0.3 wt.% and 0.5 wt.% GOFO loading respectively. The increase in the fracture modulus and strength can be attributed to improvement in the interfacial interaction between the GOFO and epoxy matrix. That’s allowed better load transfer from the epoxy matrix to the GOFO sheets, which increased both fracture modulus and strength. Thermal stability of epoxy composites:The Thermal stability of the GOFO nanocomposites was investigated by TGA as shown in Fig. (10) and Table (3).T10% and T50% are the temperature of sample weight loss reached 10% and 50 % respectively. Tdec is the sample decomposition temperature. All the specimens showed similar thermal degradation behavior with main weight loss between 3500C to 4500C. They exhibited different weight loss during the onset decomposition stages as shown in the enlarged window. The incorporation of GOFO significantly enhanced the thermal stability of epoxy composites in different trends. Epoxy composite 0.3 wt. % GOFO loading has a higher T5%, T50%, and Tdec compared with other epoxy composites. The T5% and T50% increased by ?13 and ?150C respectively based on pure epoxy. The Tdec increased by ?13 with the same loading compared to pure epoxy. According to the literate, there are two factors effects on the thermal stability of polymer composites: the formation of networks via covalent linkages between them and the crosslinking density [43,44]. The existence of the oxygen functional groups at the edge and the surface of the GOFO, can react with the epoxy resin and increased the crosslinking of the composites. The XRD data showed that GOFO doesn’t have a uniform crystal shape compared to graphite, that makes the GOFO has a poor thermal conductivity. Therefore, with good dispersion of GOFO, it will act as a barrier and reduce the thermal conductivity of the epoxy composites [44]. Water uptake epoxy composites:The influences of water absorbed by the polymeric material can be significantly reduced by incorporating nano-size fillers into polymers [45,46].The water uptake of neat epoxy and its composites filled with GOFO were shown in Fig. (11). The addition of GOFO nano-fillers significantly decreased the amount of water absorbed by epoxy composites. The water uptake by neat epoxy was 0.432%, which decreased to 0.317% , 0.304% , and 0.308% for epoxy composites with 0.1wt.% , 0.3wt.% , and 0.5 wt.% GOFO loading respectively. this phenomenon implied that the addition of nano-size sheet with high aspect ratio provided tortuous pathways for water molecules to enter the epoxy composites and acted as a barrier water transportation through epoxy composites [47]. Another reason can be due to the hydrophobic nature of fluorine groups on GOFO, which can immobilized water molecules and prevented it from diffusion in epoxy matrix[47]. The hydrophobic behavior of GOFO composites:Fig. (12). Shown the air/water contact angle of pure epoxy and its composites. The measurement was performed at room temperature with three repetitions for each sample. From Fig. (12), the incorporation of GOFO increased the contact angle of all epoxy composites. The contact angle increased from 68.70 o  ± 1.73 for the pure epoxy to 83.53 o  ± 1.13 for 0.1 wt. % GOFO, 98.65 o  ± 2.49 for 0.3 wt. % GOFO, and 89.22 o ± 0.70 for 0.5 wt. % GOFO. The changes in the contact angle indicate that epoxy composites show more hydrophobic effects compared to pure epoxy [48]. The GOFO tends to immigrate to the surface of epoxy, due to the low surface energy of the fluorine atoms. They altered the surface energy and increased the hydrophobicity of the epoxy surface. But, with 0.5 wt. % GOFO loading, the contact angle decreased to 89.22 o ± 0.70, the aggregated GOFO nano-sheet at the surface can slightly reduce the polarity of the surface and increased the effects of the reaming oxygenated function groups of the graphene sheet. How to cite Epoxy Resin, Papers

Research and Evaluation in Education and Psychology

Question: Discuss about the Research and Evaluation in Education and Psychology. Answer: Introduction: Registered nurses who are having postgraduate degrees have put the research paper forward. Two of them are doctorates and all are researching and working in Universities in the nursing sector. The qualifications show that the authors are qualified to carry out such researches. Thai Health Promotion Foundation for Research has provided funds for this study. The PLWHA has given their time to assist with the completion of the questionnaires. The title is concise, focused and clearly describes the purpose of the study. However, it has the scope of being more indicative and clear. The actual variables are missing in the title, even though the nature is indicated. It could have been more indicative concerning less aware readers. The provided abstract is a good introduction to the study. However, hypothesis is missing from it. The abstract consists of the study summary, research tools used, results and conclusions of the findings. The abstract makes it clear for the readers to identify with the topic relevancy. In the article, the introduction and literature review are adjoined, which is common in such studies. The introduction portion has been used to contextualize the issue in the research and the importance of it, concerning the influence of the disease on human lives. Treatment changes and developments, the disease and its impact, self-care policies, symptom management and treatment were discussed. However, more detailed critical analysis was required, with wider range of research for evaluation of its quality. Hypotheses and Research Questions No hypothesis was stated, but research question was put forward. The approach of the research is undefined. Focus has been mostly on the instruments and the quality rests on the approach and instruments. Participant selection was not elaborated upon, which is a limitation. Size was mentioned, but the process of their determination was overlooked, which is also a limitation. Data-Collection Methods Data collection methods are not addressed properly, which could pose problems for replication and rigor. Administering of the questionnaires is unknown, which is a problem of the studys reporting. Data collection instruments used in the study is its strength, along with the detailing and accounted provenance. The questionnaires used are detailed and their sources mentioned. The tools are validated and augment the quality of the research. Sample demographics are partially addressed and multiple tools help advancing the article. Statistical analysis was performed via SPSS and LISREL. Statistics were less detailed, even though use of multivariate analysis was described clearly. The results are presented in the forms of tables, diagrams and immense detailing. Data presentation are summarized as results and elaborated in discussion. Although the findings are not accessible, values are clear. Lack of detailing in samples and selection procedure restrict eradication of doubts about outcomes, even though authors knowledge is believable. Discussion is balanced, detailed and integrated with numerous data collection instruments. Other research studies were related with resulting in congruence. Limitations are acknowledged, implications are separated. Conclusions Conclusion supports obtained results, even though it is not detailed. Social support for HRQL was recommended, along with others for improving care of the patients, keeping in mind consistency of the study. Bibliography Creswell, J. W. (2013).Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications. Mertens, D. M. (2014).Research and evaluation in education and psychology: Integrating diversity with quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods. Sage publications. Punch, K. F. (2013).Introduction to social research: Quantitative and qualitative approaches. Sage. Tangkawanich, T., Yunibhand, J., Thanasilp, S., Magilvy, K. (2008). Causal model of health: Health?related quality of life in people living with HIV/AIDS in the northern region of Thailand.Nursing health sciences,10(3), 216-221.

Analysis Of The Tourism Industry In Egypt Tourism Essays

Analysis Of The Tourism Industry In Egypt Tourism Essays Analysis Of The Tourism Industry In Egypt Tourism Essay Analysis Of The Tourism Industry In Egypt Tourism Essay On the 25th January 2011, the Egyptians surprised the whole universe, the rich and the hapless people, old and immature, civilian and the ground forces. Cipher could hold really understood that such protests and ailments would hold congregated such power and domination besides after the false parliaments that have taken topographic point in the elections it was noticeable that dishonesty and fraudulence will increase. On the contrary, that protest pace which so became the revolution was go oning by the Egyptian young person after several old ages of ailments on many different communicating organisations, including webs like Face book and Twitter that played an of import function at that clip. Furthermore, Wael Ghoneim participated in the success of the Egyptian revolution as he convinced all those who watched the Ashera Masaan plan on Dream Two to travel fight for their rights, he touched the people by making their emotional interior which is the chief motive in order to acquire to the required desire by shouting in forepart of the telecasting about what goes in Egypt from offense and poorness and imploring to hold mercy on the Egyptian people, yet all the society was traveling down the streets to protect their edifices and household from the Islamic brotherhood who were cloping frights to the peoples head and the silence of the National Domestic Party, besides the constabulary who were go forthing stations, and losing their inmates to assail the dissenters. -Women before and after the twenty-fifth revolution, before the revolution the Egyptian people normally believe that adult females are inferior to work forces, The Egyptian adult females were used to avoid contact with work forces who were non in their household connexions, while after the twenty-fifth revolution, adult females have their rights ; they learnt how to state their sentiments and positions, besides the adult females s strong part in Egypt s protests against the Mubarak supervisings or governments has a positive coverage to the political equality that have took topographic point in the Tahreer Square, many adult females were processing to take their rights and civil autonomies, yet this happening highlighted the cardinal effects of supporting the adult females s rights in Egypt and may keep back the enduring developments towards educating the adult females s political rights in the state. -In add-on after the revolution, all people were connected together manus in manus in order to protect and clean their state. Egyptian people were and still naming everyone to healthful Egypt by those things foremost to purchase local merchandises, 2nd to halt cheering and learn to listen to each other, 3rd to maintain the streets clean by painting them, and last but non least naming the tourers to come back and see our cherished state which have tonss of fantastic topographic points to see. Furthermore, Muslims and Christians were one psyche at the clip of the revolution contending to take their rights and now they are much connected to each other and happening ways to protect their mosques and churches as Egypt has been good familiar with its faith, values and rules. -Indentifying the Populaces: Egypt was known and will ever stay as one of the astonishing states in the universe due to its outstanding historical pyramids, Luxor and Aswan. Nothing will of all time impact Egypt s beauty in the eyes of the universe, hence I encourage and persuade all Italians, British, and Russians to come and see Egypt after the breathtaking revolution which was accomplished by the Egyptians on January 25th in the release Square that has now become a touristic country which people from all over the universe speak about and are so eager to see it and to experience the hurting and felicity which the Egyptian young person have created in Egypt. Tourist Plans Campaign The sense of To move the sense of the Egyptians, unenthusiastic and build a dwell taken at the first attainment of the cognition of the state of conflict by the full of significance, the land of the war with a broad-start is in that reimbursement of periegesis underscore the mark of the seven recognized before the witnesss. Mixing with the crowd to councils, mills, session of the philosophy of print advertisement and out of the stuff Broadcasting / advertisement will be the Customer, or derive the overall efficaciously blow. To be infected with the war On both sides, it shall be done within the grades of the first portion I will beef up the services of a war which is revolving with an although, harmonizing to an exact and in the mode to the consequence of all the mark Promotional Views. The perigees will be underpinned the rewards of the cognition of such activities six: 1. Known to a better Tourist Lifes This was the foundation of the first stage to the cognition of the individuality of perigees war. Will continue utilizing the same expedition, I extended the expression and experience standardize and of all the relevant under the expedition might hold recognized this belonging to the different labor. But merely as alterations to subject to an individuality for its ability to upgrade the reply to the rule of the listeners of the draw. 2. With the cooperation of the Alliess Fabio s, the war of the will hinge on execution of the foundation of the family of the assorted stakeholders the efficient repasts. And here, the object of duty of organizing the land of Egypt, has hired director tungsten perigees with the remainder of the Alliess this one of the sectors: Private sector of my comrades: depends on type of activity, Telecom sectors can be different so that, juridical, etc. It is of involvement should be put in each of efficient contact is at manus. This elect cooperate with the associations to take portion to suit the defender of a co-addition to the disbursal of the cogent evidences have been early. 3. Communicationss package To raise the Profile of the war and get the advice and the support of the assorted stakeholders, while the full selling communications plan designed for, it will be implemented. Any one is, the needy, Target Audience selling communications best a piece of the instruments of which is extended to the ears. 4. The communicating of the Public Relations Program Marker between different sorts of communications tools will be got ready, Public Relations are the most of import of its ability to shoot credibleness in the war s of operation. Further they can adnotacione Public Relations of the remarkable grade the State had different sections of the tenement of the metropolis. For if the history of the topographic point Published in Print Media, I will stretch lying in around about. 5. The cognition of expeditions Plan Designs of all wars is a quality know that to be done is to take attention in and harvest consequences all right. Thingss are established, the stages of Planning, for the undermentioned cardinal stairss: The Project web perigees shall pull off the populace to carry on attitudinal research to take the perceptual experiences of scruples and to the positions of the Egyptians, and travelers will perigees. The research by the art of efficaciously expose the kid is important gage grades of scruples to the sector of State. Or Event elite, oecumenic, it is to eat of consciousness have been done research consequences. This province of personal businesss so all the military personnels the will of stakeholders perigees page, perigees undertakings, a Government of Egypt, arts institutes, and of the media. From the commission I will be the keeper of the cognition of perigees to name a council and in Latin execution of the cognition of victory in war. 6. Develop the communicating of the programs of the run tools Print stuff the consciousness that the mark the seven requests of the land will be supported by circulating print customized Promotional stuff for a war, and the points. And it is its distribution of Posters, Flyers, booklets and through the schools of the offices of the Central After the Egyptian, Social Security Corporation, leaves and inserts. Further Promotional stuff for school as mugs with sackcloth, Bumper Stickers, etc. it shall be repaid. Matter and CDs to be stable as the value of the Promotional and a big Scheme: Tourism is considered to be a really important activity for the whole Egyptian population ; it accounts for 11 % of the entire Egyptian GDP and employs more than 2 million Egyptians ( Feuilherade, 2011 ) . Harmonizing to the old Vice President, Omar Soliman ; during the yearss of the twenty-fifth January revolution, Egypt has lost around 1 billion dollars in touristry. For any run to be successful it needs to hold clear guidelines and schemes to follow. The chief scheme for get the better ofing the crisis of Tourism that occurred in Egypt after the revolution is likely encouraging integrated attempts between different population groups for the interest of bettering the touristry conditions in Egypt. These conditions include, the intervention of tourers, the safety and security, services offered and so on. The integrating of attempts is non merely including the populaces ; who are straight affected by the touristry industry. But, it should besides include the whole public society because seemingly everyone in the Egyptian society is affected by touristry either straight or indirectly. Cardinal Messages: There are really different groups that have been affected by the touristry crisis in Egypt. Therefore, messages used should be tailored in a manner that can suit different mark groups in order to do it easy accepted and in order to do people willing to move upon. Messages used should be appropriate, meaningful, memorable and apprehensible by different targeted groups ( Yeomanz A ; Tench, 2006 ) . The followers is an illustration of the messages that can be used with different groups of the populaces ; Probably the most of import populaces for the touristry in Egypt are the media, tourers, the policymakers and legal organic structures, workers in the field of touristry and directors and proprietors of touristry concerns. First, the media should be inspired to demo the positive side of the revolution alternatively of the negative 1. For illustration, demoing the streets that have been cleaned after the revolution and how the Egyptians are acquiring more civilised and are caring more about their state. The media is usually looking for a good narrative that attracts people ; nevertheless, sometimes the messages communicated give hapless image of the state. Therefore, the media should be send messages about the economic and societal consequence of losing touristry for the whole Egyptian society and besides for Egypt s repute and image all-over the universe. Second, the tourers likely play the major function ; because they are the 1s who decided whether to see Egypt or non. The media may be helpful at this clip ; it can demo aliens a positive image for the Egyptian intervention to the tourers. Tourists need to see how the Egyptians are acquiring more respectful to them and how they are willing to welcome tourers in their state. Furthermore, tourers should be shown the positive side which is the clean streets, the planted trees and so on. Third, the legal organic structures should be encouraged to reform new policies and ordinances that make the tourers feel safe when sing Egypt. For illustration, harmonizing to Mr.Maher Moussa, an Egyptian circuit usher ; he stated that after the revolution when there were about no police officers ; the gross revenues people at the Egyptian bazaars where handling the tourers really bad and they were drawing them from their shirts in order to buy merchandises. Tourists at that clip did non happen anyone to assist them ; seemingly they did non experience safe at all. Therefore, the policymakers should be told these narratives and should be encouraged to return the touristry safe as it was before the revolution. Forth, the workers in the field of touristry demand to be sent a message emphasizing on the fact that touristry is important for them and for keeping or even bettering their life criterions. They need to be encouraged to develop and better the manner they treat tourers and besides necessitate to be encouraged to stay commitment to their work and make non look for other options such as exchanging their callings or immigrating. Gross saless individuals should be treated the ethical behaviour and should be trained on how to pull tourers to make purchases in a polite and appealing manner. Fifth, the directors and touristry concern proprietors besides play a critical function for the success of touristry and returning it back to the original place. Tourism companies should be encouraged to believe of the positive side of the revolution and seek to take benefit every bit much as possible in order to be able to return touristry back. They should be motivated to go on runing through messages stating them that touristry can be better after the revolution. For illustration, Grecian people booked tickets to see Tahrir Square although it was non a historic memorial but people are acquiring attracted to see the topographic point where the Egyptian protests met to inquire for their rights ( Al-Arabia, 2011 ) . The above are considered being the populaces that are straight affected by touristry ; nevertheless, these are non the lone groups that messages should be communicated to. Schools, universities, pupils and normal Egyptian citizens may besides play an indirect function in bettering the Egyptian image all-over the universe and pulling more tourers to see the state. The crisis direction run should get down raising the consciousness of schools and universities for the interest of bettering the touristry state of affairs. Schools and universities should besides be sent messages that need to be delivered to pupils to raise their consciousness about the issue and its credibleness. After directing the appropriate messages to each targeted group, the crisis direction run needs to measure and measure the effectivity and the success of the run. For illustration, increasing the figure of tourers or acquiring positive feedbacks about tourers journeys in Egypt may be indexs of success of the run. The following table gives a brief sum-up for the messages to be communicated, to which groups and what are the success indexs ; Situation Analysis: Egypt s Tourism Crisis after 25th Revolution: As Egypt s national net income is based on its strong historical narratives that revolved around its different metropoliss. Tourism has been one of the most of import factors of allowing foreign currencies every bit good as people with different nationalities enter Egypt. As a consequence of the revolution, an international fiscal crisis had arisen between Egypt and different states. Most of the European tourers who come and visit Egypt late, their rate has decreased in a theatrical manner. After the extremum that was in presence all around Egypt, many of the reserves in footings of aeroplane seats, hotel engagements, and concern meetings have been decreased in their sums. ( Mwathe, 2011 ) In order to do a successful Tourism Media Public Relations run, this situational analysis must be put in consideration in order to cognize what type of message will be sent to the audiences across the chief subject Tourism and its betterments. The Campaign Goals A ; Aims: The Media s Goals and Aims towards Tourism after 25th Revolution: Any run that is in the edifice phases must put ends and aims in order to cognize what job they are seeking to work out, what message they are seeking to direct to audiences and what communicating and media tools they will be able to utilize. Harmonizing to Egypt s touristry instance, Media s ends and aims should be settled in a manner that will assist to better the touristry as an industry, and get the better of the crisis after what happened in 25th of January. These ends and aims will assist sellers in taking media tools and make up ones minding what to set in them. On of the most of import end and aim that the media must concentrate on harmonizing to touristry is that to in increase the sum of tourers coming to Egypt once more the end through the aim which is increasing the flights sums and hotel engagements. Targeted Audiences: The whole Public Relations run beside the media epoch is aiming chiefly aliens who are located outside Egypt. They are chiefly Europeans, and Asians. As a consequence of that, this media run must construct up the appropriate communications tools with the cardinal message of the run, and construct them up in the right manner to make the targeted populaces Europeans and Asians and allow them convey the message and understand it as it should be understood. Media and Communication Tools: Tourism Media Campaign Communication Tools: Communication tools are elements and objects that are used to convey the message from the run to the targeted audiences. They normally are the chief factors in the media run that will assist in accomplishing the ends and the aims of the run. The message could be conveyed through articles, wireless, telecasting, World Wide Web, event sponsorship, or even a whole aggregation of imperativeness releases. Harmonizing the touristry media run, the chief media tools that will be used are telecasting, World Wide Web, and event sponsoring. Television: Through Television media tool used for a touristry run, picture should be directed and produced as a recorded picture on touristry topographic points in Egypt, for case, Luxor and Aswan, the pyramids, Sharm el Sheikh resorts, and so forth, that will pull tourers to make non lose what history and civilisation Egypt has made. In add-on, to tourism countries all around Egypt in the picture, famous person indorsement could be used. Through utilizing famous persons that are known locally and internationally, the message transmitted will be more sure and tourers will be attracted to come and see Egypt s history, visit every museum, every temple, and so forth. Besides, sellers could emphasize on tourers emotional facets in which their feelings gets connected which Egypt as a state, and bear to them in head that these emotions will be satisfied when they visit Egypt. The Television tool began with a little picture that was made right after the twenty-fifth revolution, From Egypt with Love ( Boyd, 2011 ) It was promoting Egyptian people to handle tourers in a friendly manner and in the same clip, the message is transmitted to tourers that the Egyptians are sort and welcoming to anyone who come and visit the state ( mention to the Video s Screenshot in Appendix 3 ) . ( Boyd, 2011 ) World Wide Web: The cyberspace and World Wide Web now plays an of import function in the media sector, as it is a spider web that connects the whole universe and makes it as a one united island. Internet could be used in touristry media run through doing groups on Face book, chirrup and all societal webs that anyone could fall in them. They could include information about how strongly the touristry is traveling to be after the twenty-fifth revolution and what good alterations have been made to the touristry in Egypt. Besides, web sites could be designed for information about every touristry topographic point that is recommended for sing in Egypt including history, images, and even pictures to allow tourers acquire attracted and become emotionally affiliated with Egypt. Besides, this will increase the demands to the aliens to come and bask what they have seen in real-life. Taking Face book as an illustration to World Wide Web Media, there are one of the runs that already started directly after the re volution incorporating two groups about lasting and acquiring the life back to the touristry in Egypt. These two groups have made a immense impact on tourers and aliens Facebook users all around the universe trusting that it will better Egypt s touristry image internationally. ( Refer to one of the group s Profile Picture in Appendix 3 ) . ( Ling, 2011 ) Event Sponsoring: Sponsorship generates a monolithic opportunity for any type of companies in which it helps to widen the good repute through sing company s image, position, and everything that makes the company unique through supports of certain events that will increase the attending of the targeted audience. ( Khera Communications, Inc. , 2011 ) This event sponsorship could be an effectual manner to pass on with tourers all around the universe, particularly when Egyptian companies sponsor international events or frailty versa. Through making these sorts of sponsorships, aliens will cognize and detect that despite all the series of events that happened in Egypt is still and seeking to be in a high place in the economic system of the universe. In my sentiment, for acquiring back touristry to its normal rhythm in Egypt, Egyptian companies must patronize international events in order to remain connected with international audience and pull them to the state to be interested in the long-term to come and see Egypt. Besides, for international companies Egypt must do life easier to them in order to be easy located in Egypt and this will assist them patronize Egyptian events, for case, athleticss events, charity events, that will construct trust between Egypt and different States. Through following these stairss in constructing a media public dealingss run to the touristry in Egypt, it will assist in an tremendous manner to better Egypt s image to the outside universe, non merely see the dark side of the image. Furthermore, the message delivered from the state Egypt to the targeted audiences aliens will be sent and understood efficaciously Communication Process Appendix 3 and there will be no noise nor distraction in the message s process/ Egypt was ever known with its trueness, loving, kindness and so forth to its visitants and even its citizens, and this image must be the same till terminal of life clip, And as the picture said through one of the picture runs, Egypt We Love You !

How to Market a Book Step by Step

How to Market a Book Step by Step How to Market a Book Step by Step The big day has finally come. You’ve worked hard on your book for months, and maybe even years. Now it’s finally ready for the world to see. You hit publish and follow through with everything you know about how to market a book step by step. With any luck, hard work and a lot of support gets your book to bestseller status.Then a few weeks goes by. Rankings drop considerably. Despite your best efforts, your book plummets down the lists like a stone.How to Market a Book to Sell CopiesWe’ve all been there- that point as a writer when we realize we have to do the other stuff- stuff that keeps us away from writing and creating. In fact, writing and crafting a book is only about half of the process. If you don’t spend 40-50% of your ongoing efforts on marketing, you reach a limited number of people. Your message will get lost in the massive swirl of information available out there.You want to sell more books right? Marketing a book isn’t always a â€Å"n atural† step for most authors. We are writers and creatives, not marketers and salespeople. But if you can combine writing and marketing, you’ll not only be able to write, but also to sell books. And marketing yourself is where it’s at.8 Ways to Market Your Book Like a ProFortunately, you don’t have to be a marketing guru or have a degree in digital marketing and social media mastery to get the word out about your brand. By following some basic steps, you’ll be marketing your books in no time.1. Identify Your AudienceThis is critical when it comes to marketing your book. If you don’t know who your audience is, you’ll end up marketing to anyone. In other words, you’ll be shouting out about your book in a noisy room and nobody will hear you.  Write for a specific audience. To market your book effectively you have to know:Who they are: Who is your ideal customer? What kind of information are they looking for? How do these people spend their time? Create a basic profile of what your reader looks like.Where they are: Your audience is hanging out somewhere. Whether it’s on Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest, or LinkedIn, they are communicating about the topic and niche your book is about. Find those people and you will be able to market your book.What problems are they facing: It is really important to nail this one. Come up with 20-30 problems your target market is trying to solve. By providing a solution to these problems, you’ll zero in on the readers who are waiting for your bestseller to change their lives. Remember: somebody out there wants what you are offering; they just don’t know it yet!Action Step: Create a readers avatar. This is a profile of what your average reader is like. Include things like gender, occupation, and problems and they are facing. Figure out what solutions you could deliver to help them. Then market specifically to those people.2. Build Your Author WebsiteCan you im agine if you came home one day and your house wasmissing? Well, that is what an author’s life can be like without a website to post fresh content. You’ll always be missing a home where you can park your books. Many authors think they don’t need a website because they can promote their books through social media or the author platform on Amazon.Sorry, not exactly.There is a huge difference. Having an author website is the difference between renting or buying a piece of property. When you rent, you are living in someone else’s space. It doesn’t belong to you and they can cancel your lease at any time.Maintaining your own website on a hosted server with your domain name is the same as having that piece of real estate. You can customize your site your way, publish your own content, and you are always in complete control of how it looks and what gets published. When it comes to marketing your book, the skys the limit. You can:Publish your book’s landing page on your site.Post blogs about your upcoming bookCreate a countdown timer for the book’s release date.Set up an affiliate link to your Amazon page so you get commissions on book salesInclude sample chapters from your bookLink to video clips about the book on your websiteCommunicate directly with your email subscribers about new releases or your current blog postTo set up your website and personal blog on a paid server, you can try  Bluehost  or  Godaddy.  For a domain name, check out name.com3. Build Your Email ListThere is a saying going around that says: â€Å"the money is in the list.† Why? It’s simple. A list of followers who are in love with your writing will be the first to line up when you have a new product to sell. These people are essentially your customers.Your email list is yours. It doesn’t belong to Amazon or social media. You control what you want to say, how you say it, and when. Imagine if every time you had a new book ready to launch, hundreds or thousands of people were waiting for it so they could get it first.If you are serious about promoting and marketing your current and all future books, building your list should be top priority. Nothing else comes close. Although building a list takes time, in the long run it is the easiest way to market. These are the true fans that will get the word out and be the first to leave verified reviews after buying your new release at the special price of 0.99. But that is just the beginning.You can continue to build your list by including a reader magnet at the front and back of your book. Get people hooked on your brand and then keep them there by writing your next book, and then, including them in your next launch. As your book reaches more people, and you get more signups, your marketing capacity growsexponentially.Action Step: If you haven’t started on your list building, go to an email management system such as Mailchimp or AWeber and sign up for an account. Then get building and start to funnel your fans into your books today.4. Reach Out to InfluencersWhen it comes to book promoting, nothing can have a bigger impact on your book than influencers. What is an influencer? Influencers can be podcasters, bloggers, or authors with strong email lists. It’s someone with an established platform that can get you noticed if they notice you.An influencer is someone who has a lot of promotional weight and can spread the word about your book to thousands of people with just a brief mention to their email list, on their blog, or by sharing on social media, for example. Influencers have a long reach. What you can do is identify the influencers in your niche and reach out to them. Tell them who you are and ask if they can help to promote your latest book.Influencers can have a major impact on your exposure as an author, so try to set up interviews in your hometown or reach out to someone online and offer to do an interview so you c an deliver value to their target audience.Guest post blogging on an influencer’s is another way to market your book. For example, if you wrote a book on recipes for Italian food, you could try connecting with people in the Italian cooking niche. They may have a blog, podcast, or a webinar on which you want to appear.Action Step: Identify at least one influencer in your market and reach out to that person. Tell them who you are and what you do. Get on their podcast or get interviewed. Exposure to fans in your niche will have a big influence on book sales.5. Leverage Two Social Media PlatformsSocial media is a powerful way to promote your book. We can engage with thousands of people just by hitting a few buttons. But with social media sites, the big scare is the amount of time we can get sucked into trying to do everything. If you try to connect with everyone, you’ll match up with nobody.When promoting and marketing your book, you can’t be everywhere doing all thi ngs at once. That is why we recommend you choose two social media sites to work with, and post your content regularly to these two sites.For example, you can have a YouTube channel and post weekly videos. After a few months you could build up a library of content, engage with new subscribers and even create a course out of your videos.With Facebook, you can promote your book or blog using Facebook ads. You could also post popular quotes or snippets of material from your upcoming book.With Twitter you can post multiple times a day with brief quotes or messages under 140 characters. Twitter has proven to be a powerful platform for authors when it comes time to promote and market a book.We recommend choosing two social media platforms and focusing on consistent engagement. This will keep your book’s appearance fresh and invite new people in to check out your work.Action Step: Choose two social media platforms and commit to publishing content regularly. If you only want to focus on one, master it and then move to another that is perfectly fine! It is better to do one thing and get it right then do two things poorly.6. Plan Your Marketing AheadThe best time to start marketing your book was six months ago. If you haven’t done that, the next best time for marketing your book is right now.Many authors make the mistake of getting their book out there, doing a promo with their launch team and then start to work on a plan for marketing. The best thing you can do is have your marketing tools defined and ready to roll into action when they are needed.Your marketing plan can include such things as:Having a series of blog posts scheduled to publish at regular intervalsInterviews set up with influencers to talk about your book, either on the day of launch or just afterA course based on the book set to launch at the same time as the book or soon afterGiveaways through Goodreads that attract buyers to download your book by the thousandsDaily blurbs posted on Faceb ook or Twitter. Remember: Engage where your fans are hanging out.Schedule a Bookbub promo (see next step)Marketing takes planning, and you have to be strategic about it. This means building buzz early and keeping that buzz going for months up to and even after the launch. Continued marketing requires deeper tactics such as course building and consistently promoting through social media or Facebook ads, but the rewards are well worth the effort.7. Get on BookbubBookbub is the cream of the crop when it comes to promoting and marketing your book. In fact, you should submit your book for promotion as either free or for 99 cents right after your book launch.Bookbub has a massive following and can get your book delivered to thousands of readers. It really is the â€Å"Big One† when it comes to book promotion. The cost isn’t cheap and can run you anywhere from $200 to $2,000 for a promo, depending on the genre, category, and the price of your book.But is it worth it?Yes. Defi nitely.For example, if you are running a promo for 99 cents in general nonfiction, you could potentially sell, on average, 2,000 copies of your book. Not only will you make a profit, but this could bring in hundreds of subscribers and leads to your email list. From there you can upsell readers on your other books or even a course if you have one.But on a side note, most authors get rejected the first time from Bookbub. If you do, just keep trying. Go here for Bookbub submission requirements. You can also check out the pricing here and submit your book here.8. Write Another BookPublishing another book is great for brand building. In fact, it’s much harder to market just one book unless it is a ground-breaking phenomenal masterpiece. Your book may be great, but you can compound that greatness by writing more books, preferably in a series.With every new book you put out there you increase the chances of your work getting recognized by influencers and people online who are hangin g out in all the places you can target for promotion and sharing.Launching your book is only the beginning. The real work begins after the initial â€Å"bang† is over and you have to dig in deep to promote, engage, and provide solutions to readers’ problems. Remember: Marketing is about delivering a product [your book] to the right people [your audience] who need desperately what you have to offer [your solution].Create this product for your readers, ship it to them and communicate in a way they understand- and you’ll become a great marketing guru as well as an amazing author.

Introduction to Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Introduction to Business - Essay Example In other words, the past successes may not indicate future positive results. Hence, its prospects as an investment option are not quite straight forward. While the company still retains many of its unique selling propositions and brand image, recent results have shown some existing technical glitches within the organization. The rest of this essay will dissect the facts and figures to arrive at a forecast of its performance. In 2000, Vodafone led the industry’s biggest takeover of another company with its acquisition Mannesmann (the German electronics company) for 112 billion pounds. But, since its glory days then, it had reached a trough last month, when it posted losses of nearly 15 billion pounds, which by the way is a record in the British corporate history. This is an important piece of information for potential investors as â€Å"the announcement followed a period of bad news for Vodafone, with rumours of a board-level rift, the departure of life president and former chief executive Sir Christopher Gent and the ousting of chief marketing officer Peter Bamford† (Business Week Online, 2007). But, there are concerns surrounding Vodafone regarding its performances in the near future. For example, while Vodafone has been concentrating on restructuring its business, its competitors have been moving ahead with â€Å"the job of developing their offer†. T-Mobile has lately run a very expensive advertisement campaign for its Flext tariff and has also initiated measures to revamp its stores. Orange’s parent company France Telecom, in the mean time, has adopted the mobile operators name as an umbrella brand for many of its subsidiaries, â€Å"including fixed-line and ISP services† (Foroohar, 2004). In addition to that, it is presently looking to expand beyond its core competencies and is working on venturing into Television and video-on-demand businesses as part of its broadband

Economic Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Economic Critique - Essay Example In principle, they would push the excess or extra tax to the customers and buyers of their products and services. Conventionally, the increase in princes due to increased taxation implies that the level of goods demanded would reduce since the people would not be in any position to buy. The law of equilibrium demands that for the markets or economy to clear, then demand ought to be equal to supply of goods or services. If the demand would reduce then the supply would also reduce in equal proportion. In the recent past, the Obama administration and the government at large has been pushing for a change in the fiscal policy relating to reduction in general taxes levied to the people especially those of the poor classes. This move or fiscal move is expansionary in nature. This is the situation where the government seeks to reduce the level of taxes that is levied to people especially the poor people in move aimed at cushioning them against the hard economic times of the current day and age. John Keynes as a pioneer economist and thinker advocated for the expansionary policy where the government reduces the taxes levied on the citizens to cushion them during inflation or times of economic anomie. In the field of economics, this expansionary move is taken and aimed at reducing the budget surplus and get the economy back to recovery path. On the contrary, the classical view is slightly different relative to the above position and stance. The classical economists are of the opinion that the expansionary moves and policies are completely unnecessary and would create an unnecessary disturbance on the economy. This is so because the classical economists believe that there are necessary and appropriate mechanisms in the market or economy which would correct and clear the market and economy on their own. This is to say that the market has

Federal Landham Law and California Trade Secret Essay

Federal Landham Law and California Trade Secret - Essay Example The Federal Lanham Law has been able to deal with critical societal issues and thus making it a relevant act. For instance, it helps to curb contravention of unregistered brand names, service marks, phony advertisements, product disparagement and trade dress. Most importantly, this act has turned to be the standard medium for assertions of violation of trade dress not that are not registered in the form of both products and services. As a result, the state courts are apparently formulating rules and tapering requirements so as to put frontiers on assertions of trade dress breach (Miller 83). This act clearly depicts criticisms as to what makes up trademark infringement, resultant court decisions. Though, brand names particularly those that involve the internet, there seem to be some sort of laxity. Principally the Lanham law has, civil and criminal requirements for desecrations of their particular provisions, it also offers civil remedies in the event of exclusive rights infringement (Belmas 67). Federal Lanham Law also verifies the civil remedies in cases where an action of intrusion has been brought forward by the ultimate owner. If the central government chooses to impeach organizations or individuals for any of the above violations, the detention terms are clearly set forth in the Lanham’s law and it explicitly describes the offense and also it discerns the criminal fine to be paid in cash. On the other hand, there have been continuous arguments about this law. The question of whether this law has really brought constructive development especially in the field of intellectual assets, is still leaving a lot of uncertainty. It does not seem to resolve the conflict of consumer confusion and unfair competition. It appears more as a gratuitous expansion of restricted rights, diminishing the store of existing designs and symbols that are essential for the sort of liberated competition that should be of benefit to the welfare of the consumer. Critics view t his act as a bad idea with the intention of hurting intellectual property. Nevertheless; others acclaim it as a suitable and very grand weapon in the endless fight against advertising and sales strategies that are a basis of consumer confusion and fraud. In conclusion, this is one of the preeminent acts that have ever been adopted as it entirely protects persons against the high rates of fraud (Belmas 122). California is among the states that have taken up this trade secret act. The California trade secret commonly known as (CUTSA) was agreed to with the aim of promoting, rewarding innovations and technological advancement and to sustain commercial ethics. The endorsement of CUTSA gave a platform of unitary descriptions of trade secret misuse. CUTSA, overtly states that it does not prevent assertions based upon violation of contract, unlawful remedies, or other allegations that do not have their basis on trade secret. Just like the other trade secret laws, this act primarily forbids misuse of trade secrets. In addition, this law also compels criminal penalties in cases where trade secrets are stolen. Misuse of these operational secrets comprises theft, corruption, falsification, infringement or enticement of a violation of an obligation to keep secrecy, or surveillance through electronic or any other means. However, independent derivation

The Background Information Of Malaysia Airlines Marketing Essay

The Background Information Of Malaysia Airlines Marketing Essay Malaysian Airlines System Berhad (MAS) is the holding company for Malaysias national airline carrier, one of Asias fastest growing airlines. Through several other subsidiaries, the company manufactures aircraft parts, offers trucking and cargo transportation services, caters food, provides laundry and dry-cleaning services for airlines and other industrial institutions, and oversees a travel agency. Company Chairman Tajudin Ramli owns a significant share in Malaysian Airlines System (MAS), and the Malaysian government retains a strong voice in MAS affairs. In the premium market segment, MAS is under tremendous pressure from full service carriers (FSCs) who are striding ahead with first class products, new and modern aircraft, and fast-expanding routes. On the other hand, in the price driven market segment, MAS is also strongly pushed by low cost carriers (LCCs) with low fares. In a nutshell, MAS must reinvent itself to fend off competition from FSCs and LCCs. MAS aspires to become the Worlds Five Star Value Carrier. MAS believe that they have to reinvent themselves to achieve this vision. C:UsersmicDownloadsmas.jpg 3.0 Situation Analysis 3.1 General Environment Analysis Demographic segment The demographic segment is about the population size, age structure, geographic distribution, ethnic mix and income distribution. Malaysia is a multiracial country and its population comprises of 28.6 million of people. The government aims for increasing the national population to seventy million by the year 2100. There is 63.8 percent of the population lives in urban area while only 36.2 percent of population love in rural area. The passenger load factor (PLF) of an airline, is a measure of how much of an airlines passenger carrying capacity is used. It is passenger-kilometers  flown as a percentage of  available. The PLF of Malaysia is 67.8, 60.7 for Asia, 74.9 for Europe and Middle East, 73.6 for Australia and New Zealand, 72.6 for Africa and South America, 60.6 for Orient and North America. Besides, Malaysia is recently introduce a new policy which with the purpose of making the Malaysia to become the high income nation. This significant policy had show the increase of Malaysian income in the future time. Sociocultural Segment The labor force in Malaysia has been increased from year 2003 to year 2010. It reached a capacity of 11.38 million of people in the year 2010. http://www.indexmundi.com/malaysia/labor_force.html. It is found that the youths who are in between of the age of 15 to 34 basically make up the largest labour force in Malaysia. They are makeup of 42.5% of the total population, roughly 9.75 million of people. http://www.mtuc.org.my/young_workers.htm. It is also found that the women in the workforce have increased. This is due to the reason that a lot of countries have endorsed legislation such as Equal Opportunity for Women in the Workplace Act to protect the women in the workforce. Besides, there are many reasons to explain why the women have increased in the workforce. For example, women are more educated and more skilled. http://www.strategic-human-resource.com/women-in-the-workplace.html. There are various type of airline careers offer in the airline industry, such as pilot, captain, copilot, second officer or flight engineer, flight attendant, flight dispatcher, and meteorologist. Airline industry employs those people with highly diversified skills regardless of the sex. It is proved that the flight attendants like the stewardess or steward symbolize the major job sector in the airline industry. For instance, there are nearly 80000 flight attendants in United States airline industry. http://www.targetwoman.com/articles/airline-careers.html However, it is found that the age discrimination cases have been happened in the United States airlines. According to the pilots required retirement policy such as Age 60 Rule, pilots are forced to retire at age 60. This is because the airline industry believed that the pilots are not able to perform the job well at the age of 60. They believed that the pilots are place the airline company and the passengers in danger if they are permit to fly. http://www.targetwoman.com/articles/airline-careers.html Global Segment Airlines have participated in globalization and consolidation. They link their network through the establishment of alliances and partnerships to expand the access to their customers. For example, the world aviation market is shared between the global alliances such as KLM or North West, Atlantic Excellence alliance, STAR, and British Airways or American Airlines alliance. http://adg.stanford.edu/aa241/intro/airlineindustry.html The airlines industry has targeted some relevant new long term global market in order to expand their services such as Asia Pacific and China, South Asia, Northeast Asia, Southeast Asia, and Oceania (Australasia). It is believed that most of the airlines keep the new global market in Asia Pacific and China. This is due to reason that China has grown promptly and the urbanization of China had caused it became the dynamic aviation markets. The urban population has been increased from 302 million in year 1990 to 622 million in years 2009. It is expected the population will come up to one billion by year 2025. Besides, the domestic passenger traffic is projected to grow on an average rate of 7.9% in China. Boeing, as the Chinas leading provider of passenger airplanes, predicts that about 71% of the demand in China is the single-aisle airplanes with the full deliveries of 3090. http://www.globalintelligence.com/insights-analysis/asia-news-update/asia-news-update-november-19-2010/malaysia- malaysian-airline-eyes-indian-chinese-mar/ http://www.boeing.com/commercial/cmo/china.html Physical Environment Segment The great majority of the airlines have developed their own comprehensive programmed to reduce the environmental footprint and produce a more environmentally product. Based on the research, the members of alliance in the airline industry have enhance the fuel efficiency of the aircraft and create not as much of greenhouse gases like the old aircraft and are quieter. Basically, there are some international industry bodies like IATA (the International Air Transport Association), Association of European Airlines, the Association of Asia Pacific Airlines, the USAs Air Transport and others are fully support the environmental activities. Based on the global perspective, there is fewer than 2 percent of the worlds total carbon dioxide which produce by the airline industry being released. The passenger aircraft nowadays are more environmentally friendly as it is 70 percent more fuel efficient than 40 years ago. For example, Airbus A380 and Boeing 787 Dreamliner are more fuel efficient aircraft. In addition, the noise footprint which produces by the aircraft is naturally 50% more quiet than those aircraft in ten years ago. According to IATA, airlines are planning to improve the fuel efficiency of the aircraft and carbon dioxide emissions in another 25 percent more. It is also plan that in the coming year 2025, the fuel efficiency of the aircraft will be improved in another 30 percent. http://es.oneworld.com/enes/ow/news-and-information/fact-sheets/fact-sheet?objectID=35tempURLParam= http://www.travelgreen.org/industry_landing2.htm?select_industry2_id=33 Technological Segment There are many airlines currently using proprietary check in systems which will convert all its check-counter to the ARINCs MUSE common-use system. City Airport, Logis Travel (CALT) can make better use of its available counter space because it will help to provide a convenient in town check in. The improvement of the check in counters at CALT is economically feasible. In addition, many of the airlines involved already have experience with ARINCs MUSE technology at Incheon and Gimpo. They will be able to make the transition at CALT with little extra cost. http://www.arinc.com/news/2010/10-07-10-vmuse-seoul.html Besides, technology also can be used to enhance customer relations. It will help to create convenience for consumers. The industry can offer travelers a web interface customized to a specific type of travel. The web interface can direct the customer to services with the desire benefits but cost a little more. Other than that, the automated check in machines is available in some airlines. Travelers can swipe a credit card through the automated check in machines as identification and print out their tickets instead of checking in with airport staff. The new technology also helps airlines to track lost luggage. There are Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems which will help to enhance aircraft unit loading devices and help boost security. http://gulfnews.com/business/aviation/new-technology-helps-airlines-track-lost-luggage-1.703356 Economic Segment A low cost airline generally has many features that differentiate it from the traditional carriers. These features include ticketless travel, online ticket sales, no international offices, no frequent flyer points, no free food and beverages, no in-flight magazines, no club lounges and use of secondary city airports. In the early economic regulation of airlines, the government is concerned more on their participation in the airmail system. The Air Mail Act of 1925 allowed the U.S. government to pay airlines for carrying the mails. http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Government_Role/Econ_Reg/POL16.htm Besides that, Air Asia was re-launched in Malaysia as a low fare and low cost domestic airline. Air Asia is promoting low fare of Indonesia Malaysia trip which will help it to open the Indonesia market. It will help Air Asia to rise up the economic growth. Air Asia also provides its services between Singapore and Bangkok by introducing a 2nd daily flight to its existing schedule. Air Asia is offering its guests promotional fares to/from Singapore-Bangkok which is much lower than the lowest fare SGD$56 offered by full service carrier. It will help Air Asia to open the Singapore market. Political / Legal Segment Airlines political action committee is a huge donor when compared it with those big companies in other industries. For example, Singapore Airline is currently facing or might face political strategies in near future. SIA could face problems of entering the new markets like China and increase market share in existing network. It is because many airlines are still government owned and much of the trade in aviation services is still controlled by governments. Besides that, Thai Air Asia is a joint venture which is established by Air Asia with the Shin Corp. Shin Corp is owned by the family of Thailands Prime Minister, Thaksin Shinawatra. There are about 900 million baht will be invested in Thai Air Asia over a five-year period. Shin Corp oversees the finance and administration of Thai Air Asia while Air Asia shoulders the responsibility for marketing and operations. Shin Corp has financial strength which will help to support Air Asia to grow. Therefore, Air Asia with its politically pow erful may well grow up to bite. (function() { var scribd = document.createElement("script"); scribd.type = "text/javascript"; scribd.async = true; scribd.src = "https://www.scribd.com/javascripts/embed_code/inject.js"; var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(scribd, s); })() 3.2 Porters Five Forces Analysis Threat of new entrants As justify form the environment, any new company or organization to entering this airline industry is not easy due to the several kinds of entry barriers may discourage competitors from entering a market. The level of barriers to entry depends on the customer loyalty. For example, customers from Malaysia Airlines who is significant in brand loyalty will result the high switching costs towards other airline company. Exception for the price sensitive customers, they may prefer cheaper price flight tickets. Besides, capital requirements for a new company to start up the airline business are huge. New entrant or infant company has to spend a large capital to compete with existing airlines due to the fail of participate in economies of scale. The cost of setting up of offices, buying or leasing aircraft, hiring pilots and others staffs like air stewardess is a fix cost which create a high barrier for the new entrants. Infant firm or industry require a long time period to significant their products or services differentiation, such as Full Service Carriers (FSC) in Malaysia Airline. Through government policy, governments can also control new firm to participant in airline industry. Government high level of protection towards the major airline may result many new firm unable to meet the requirements and regulations and enter the industry. Thus, threat of entry towards the airline industry is high. Bargaining power of suppliers Power of suppliers is important as it will directly affect the industry. In airline industry, the power of supplier is moderate result from there are only two major supplier which are Airbus and Boeing so most of the firm like Malaysia Airline (MAS), Singapore Airline (SIA) and others need to buy the aircrafts from them. The satisfactory substitute products are low make the larger of power in suppliers. In addition, industry firms are not a significant customer for supplier group. The suppliers good is important to the MAS in order to obtain a success in market place. Power of buyers Buyers are one of the factors which will impact to industry. Nowadays, price sensitive customers are increase directly. On the other hand, number of customers who is concern the services differentiation is rise and result low cost oriented and full service carrier oriented. Customers purchase the only small portion of the industrys output and do not large participate in the company annual sales. Besides, buyer or customers will obtain a high switching cost in terms of loyalty result from the MAS superior services performance. Thus, the bargaining power of buyers low to Malaysia Airline. Threat of substitute Threat of substitute is substitute is product or service which can replace the original products or service. Not only the others airlines, customers also can choose others transportation system such as train, bus and ferries but air travel is more convenient and faster compare with other transportation. Businesses which require a faster and safe journey may choose airline cargo as their transportation. Intensity rivalry among competitors In this case, the threat of rivalry is high to the Malaysia Airline. This is because various large equally balanced competitors such as Air Asia, Tiger Airway, Singapore Airline and etc are provide almost the similar services. As a result, high rivalry to the MAS because more firms must compete with same customers and resources. Besides, lack of differentiation product is difficult to compete with other firm. Malaysia Airlines (MAS) have successfully differentiated their product as full services carrier and have less rivalry. Rivalry in slow industry growth becomes more intense as firms battle to increase their market shares. The main competitors of MAS are Asian carrier like Singapore Airlines. So MAS intends to reassess the effectiveness of its route network both international and domestic. This involves reviewing the viability of the existing fare structure and routes and the realigning of its aircraft capacity to markets that offer the greatest opportunities. Home http://www.hicbusiness.org/biz2003proceedings (journal) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines 3.4 SWOT analysis based on stakeholder groups Capital market stakeholders Strengths Based on the market stakeholders, MAS have diversified their revenues stream to avoid uncertainty. It generates revenues from various areas, for example which is deal with freighter flights and aircraft cargo hold (Scribd, n.d.). Moreover, MAS had diversified into related industries such aircraft ground handling, aircraft leasing, aviation engineering, air catering and tour operations. This can lead to MAS to maintain a consistent growth and give a competitive edge. Next, MAS had improving in yield which can be defined as the revenue per revenue passenger kilometer (RRPK). There are two significant projects which are the Route Profitability Project (RPP) and the Revenue Enhancement Project (REP) had been implemented by MAS in order to increase their revenue (Datamonitor, 2008). Regardless of minor decrease in load factors, the yield had more improvement as compared to the compensated for the decreases of load factor. This had shown that the Revenue per Available Seat Kilometer (RASK) has also increased by 14 per cent (Datamonitor, 2008). As a result, there is an evidence shown that a strong increase in the profit and the efficiency of MAS. Weaknesses Besides, MAS was reporting negative cash flow from the operations in their company over the past couple of years. In 2005, the negative cash flow of MAS was about $ 157.2 million (Datamonitor, 2008). However, in the fiscal year of 2006, MAS had reported net cash outflows of estimated $ 41.6 million from their operating activities (Datamonitor, 2008). This affect MAS financial health as the cash flow continuous is negative. The negative cash flow will also tightened the cash resources and limit the liquidity of cash for working capital needs. While many businesses were go through many losses and difficulties in the related industries, MAS still using a huge amount of capital to run its business effectively for providing an excellence services for their customer (Scribd, n.d.). Consequently, the risk that incurred by MAS in the future is very high and the possibility for MAS to having a loss will be increase. Product market stakeholders Weaknesses Even though MAS had its humble beginning in the golden age of travel but this airline will still having some weaknesses in their business. MAS as a 5 star international airline needed higher cost for the maintenance and convenience (Scribd, n.d.). Therefore, customers purchase will be affected due to the effect in the real cost of airline tickets. This can lead to MAS only focus on the market with high income. However, there is not many people can effort to pay for the cost for flying to other country because of this higher price in airline tickets. Opportunities MAS had the chances to introduce a new concept of flying with MAS due to the customers different needs and desires in the term of buying (Scribd, n.d.). The different needs and desires of customers are because of the several factors such as demographic, geographic and psychographic factor. Thus, customers are human beings which can be easily to have a change in their life. For example, MAS had introduce hot meal boxes which offer several favorites such as nasi lemak and nasi goreng kampong to respond the preferences of customer while they are continuing to optimize the aircraft utilization in line (Scribd, n.d.). Furthermore, MAS had been approved to launch Firefly which was a new low-cost community in the March of 2007 (Datamonitor, 2008). MAS as a parent airline for Firefly allowed Firefly to take over its B737-411s to serve more primarily secondary airports in the country and also within the Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand Growth Triangle (Emmanuel, 2010). Thus, MAS can regain their market share which had lost in the recent years on local and regional routes as compared to its low-cost competitors like Air Asia. This is a chance for MAS to look at returning to a path of growth. Also, MAS has a very strong existence in the Asia. It can cover many regional destinations and various destinations in the country like China, Japan, India and the Middle East where there are higher in demand for air travel (Datamonitor, 2008). The increased in the demand for air travel will drive MAS to emerging in the Asian country like China and India (Datamonitor, 2008). Therefore, the revenues earn by MAS from the Asian region will increased. Threats There are some negative elements from the outside of the organization which will affect MAS in the aviation industry. Jet fuel is an important portion of the operating expenditure of all airlines. The increasing in the price of jet fuel will affect the bottom lines of most of the airlines in the world. MAS are also included due to the sharply increased in the price of jet fuel (Datamonitor, 2008). As a result, the margins of MAS will come under pressure. Organizational market stakeholders Strengths MAS have provided several strengths based on the organizational market stakeholders that reflect companys competencies and capabilities of their core business in the aviation industry. MAS have established a strong brand image which is being highly recognized in the local market and the international market (Miller, 2010). In order to build a strong brand image, MAS had provides excellence services to all of their customers around the globe. With the excellence services provided by MAS, it had won the Staff Service Excellence for Asia award. In the year of 2010, MAS was known as the winner of the Worlds Best Economy Class Award at the 2010 World Airline Awards (Miller, 2010). In addition, MAS have a strong and better designed in their organizational structure. Their management team is talented and plays the significant responsibility in planning and controlling their action in the service system in order to carry out the excellence brand experience (Scribd, n.d.). Management teams of MAS always have their own strategy to overcome the difficulties and losses. Besides, they also can make sure that they have the ability to improve their service quality. Weaknesses The poor management and inefficiency of the management team and network are the weakness to the MAS organizational market stakeholders. Some employees tend to read from the newspapers, media and rumors from their friends when MAS had incurred billions of losses in 2005 (Lian, 2010). The staff of MAS were discussed the issue in the closed room. It is not a healthy environment for MAS because the level of trust and confident between the management and employees are very low. Opportunities Moreover, technology developments had led the MAS Company to effectively manage their knowledge in management. As a result, MAS employees will gain rapid learning and greater intelligence that will lead to the generation and sustenance of competitive advantage (Foon Eurn, 2009). Besides, the advancement in technology can replace several inadequate legacy accounting system and thus it help MAS to enhance their quality and relevance information for management in making decision and important reduction in manpower (Foon Eurn, 2009).